閱讀 :1220

　　How can we avo forgetting w-at we -ave learned? Now I would like to give you four suggestions. T-en I'll give you a bit explanation on eac- of t-em.
　　Suggestions
　　First, we need to learn words repeatedly wit- increasing intervals between learning sessions. Here, t-e most important term “increasing” intervals, 就是說(shuō)這個(gè)間隔的時(shí)間要恰當(dāng)。I will explain it later. （按照適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間間隔來(lái)溫習(xí)新學(xué)的單詞。）
　　T-e second we s-ould -ave t-e words. We -ave t-e words we want to learn wit- us w-enever we go. So if we want to learn t-ese words, we s-ould -ave t-ese words wit- us. So we can -ke full use of our time learning t-ese words. （時(shí)時(shí)刻刻，利用邊邊角角的時(shí)間去復(fù)習(xí)生詞。）
　　T-e t-ird is set ase a regular time for vocabulary learning. （留出專門(mén)的時(shí)間用于單詞學(xué)習(xí)。）
　　T-e last one, spend more time on t-e words you find difficult. All t-ese suggestions are not new to you, I guess. But you mig-t find somet-ing new later. （對(duì)疑難詞匯進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)攻關(guān)。）
　　Suggestion One
　　Ok. T-e first one. Increasing intervals. Now researc- in psyc-ology s-ows t-at we do not forget t-ings gradually. You see a psyc-ologist d researc-. Most of our forgetting occurs wit-in 20 minutes after we -ave first learned somet-ing. More is forgotten wit- one -our. Still more wit-in 8 -ours. After 8 -ours, t-e rate of forgetting stays surprisingly steady. You see, we do not forget t-ings gradually, bit by bit. Bit by bit. It’s not t-e case. So we forget more in t-e first 8 -ours. （心理學(xué)研究者做過(guò)一個(gè)測(cè)試：我們最易遺忘的時(shí)間段是我們接觸新知識(shí)后的頭20分鐘。之后的1個(gè)小時(shí)我們又會(huì)忘記一些，然后8小時(shí)內(nèi)又忘記一些。過(guò)了8小時(shí)，我們的遺忘速度就會(huì)趨于穩(wěn)定。也就是說(shuō)，遺忘是一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)發(fā)生的，前8個(gè)小時(shí)忘得最快。）
　　So w-at s-ould we do? W-at s-ould we do? And actually, I will suggest you s-ould do revision everyday w-en you first learn t-e new words. And t-en you -y spend some time review t-e words once in a week. T-en later on, once in a mont-. So increasing intervals, I mean you learn frequently at t-e very beginning. T-en gradually, you can delay a little bit. T-e interval is longer and longer. But still you -ave to review t-em. Now t-is is t-e first suggestion. Increasing intervals. （針對(duì)這種遺忘規(guī)律，文教授提議：接觸新單詞之后，起初反復(fù)記憶，然后逐步拉長(zhǎng)復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)間間隔。）
　　Suggestion Two
　　T-e second suggestion is -ke full use of “dead” time. Dead. W-y I use t-e word in t-e quotation -rks? T-e “dead” time. Now w-en I say “dead” time, I mean t-ose time is not useful any more. You know, w-en you are walking on t-e way, w-en you are in a bus, w-en you are, let me see, w-en you are lying on t-e bed before you sleep. All t-ese time can’t be used for very important t-ings. But you can -ke full use of “dead” time to learn some words. And you can use your vocabulary notebook, you can use your electronic dictionary, just very -all, learn few words every day. Every day. Try to use t-is kind of time learning words, eventually your vocabulary will be expanding quickly. （利用一切可以利用的時(shí)間。行走中，公車(chē)上，睡覺(jué)前......這些相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)不能做重要事情的時(shí)間段，你就可以分心用來(lái)背單詞。一天記幾個(gè)，積少成多，你就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的單詞量突飛猛進(jìn)。）
　　You do not need w-ole day learning vocabulary. Don’t do in t-is way. And you -y use just -all amount of time every day. Let’s say, in t-e morning, 20 minutes, in t-e afternoon, 20 minutes, in t-e evening, 20 minutes. Suppose you want to spend one -our, you’d better separate it into t-ree sessions, 20 minutes eac-. Suppose you want to learn vocabulary -alf an -our a day, -ybe you’d better dive t-em into two sections, 15 minutes a section. Don’t put t-em toget-er. （不要成天成宿地背單詞，花費(fèi)大段大段的時(shí)間記單詞會(huì)降低學(xué)習(xí)效率。如果你每天計(jì)劃利用1個(gè)小時(shí)背單詞，那么就把這1個(gè)小時(shí)拆分成早、中、晚三部分，每次安排20分鐘背單詞。）
　　And t-en every day you learn a little bit. T-en eventually, at t-e end of t-e week, you -ave spent about -alf an -our putting all t-ese words toget-er, go over t-em. Later I will mention, don’t go over all t-e words. You -ave to select some of t-em to focus your attention. Now electronic dictionary also is a good way to learn words, because t-ere is a sort of file for you to put t-ose difficult words, rig-t? Just put in your pocket. You can learn t-em anytime you can do it. （一天記一點(diǎn)，周末抽出半小時(shí)有側(cè)重點(diǎn)地鞏固一周的學(xué)習(xí)成果。可以利用電子辭典的歸檔功能篩選出疑難詞匯，然后放在身邊隨時(shí)翻閱。）

　Suggestion T-ree
　　And suggestion 3. And my suggestion is daily revision. Ten minutes a day. Weekly revision. One -our a week. Mont-ly revision. One -our a mont-. So t-at intervals, t-e first is a week, t-e next is a mont-. （除了學(xué)習(xí)新單詞，還要注意復(fù)習(xí)這些單詞。一天十分鐘，一周一小時(shí)，一個(gè)月一小時(shí)&mdas-;&mdas-;以這種頻率不斷溫習(xí)這些單詞，必能收到良好的效果。）
　　Suggestion Four
　　And t-e final suggestion is to spend more time on t-e words you find difficult. I found some students would like to go down a list from t-e first to t-e last, trying to memorize eac- one. You’ve got a vocabulary list. From first to t-e end. From t-e first to t-e end. Every day, t-ey follow t-e same pattern. （重點(diǎn)記憶自己認(rèn)為比較難的單詞。不要年復(fù)一年地拿著詞匯大綱從頭看到尾。）
　　Now t-ere are two problems for t-is kind of practice. T-e words at t-e top of t-e list tend to be remembered better. T-en t-e words furt-er down. Rig-t? Time is wasted on t-e words t-at -ave been learned. W-at can be done? I’ll give you an example. T-is example is given by a researc-er. （不要把復(fù)習(xí)單詞的時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在已經(jīng)記住的單詞上面。）
　　Now I give you t-e footnote t-ere. Suppose you -ave got t-ese new words in one text: rewarding, frustrating, junior, positive, senior, opportunity, online, tec-nology, participate, virtual, virtual classroom. Ok. You’ve got so -ny words. Suppose all t-ese words you are asked to learn. And you remember t-em at t-e end of t-e day. Let’s say. In t-e evening, you remember t-em. And tomorrow you go over t-em again. You found you forgot -ny of t-em. You only remember few of t-em. （舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，粗體部分是你要學(xué)習(xí)的新單詞。頭天你學(xué)習(xí)完畢，第二天復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候你發(fā)現(xiàn)只記住了其中的幾個(gè)，卻忘記了大多數(shù)。）
　　So w-at s-ould you do tomorrow? S-ould you go over t-em from t-e beginning to t-e end again? No. So t-is is t-e suggestion. If you, suppose you remember t-ese words, junior, positive, senior, online, virtual, if you remember t-ese words, put t-ese words in anot-er column. And t-en you only focus on, next day, you only focus your attention on t-e re-ining five words. Don’t go over ten words again. Focus on five words. Ok. （那么，你不必再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)已經(jīng)掌握的部分【比如說(shuō)粗體標(biāo)出的單詞】，你只需復(fù)習(xí)你沒(méi)有記住的另5個(gè)單詞。）
　　So you classify t-ese words into t-ree types. If you are familiar wit- t-em, you review t-em once. And t-en you review t-em once in a week. If you review t-em once in a week, no problem at all. You put t-em in a mont-ly column. So you review t-em once for a mont-. （你可以做一張三列的表，三列的標(biāo)題分別為：daily， weekly 和mont-ly。起初，所有的單詞都放在daily這列，第二天復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候，記住的單詞就可以挪到weekly這列，如果周復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候你仍然記得它們，就可以將之挪到mont-ly這列。）
　　But for t-ose words, if you can not remember daily, you -ave to review t-em again and again. But t-e words become fewer and fewer. Not so -ny. So you can focus your attention on t-ose t-ings w-ic- are very difficult for you. T-is work -kes learning more efficient. （如果放在daily欄中的單詞始終記不住，那么就讓它們始終呆在daily欄中，天天強(qiáng)化記憶。堅(jiān)持使用這種方法，你會(huì)始終關(guān)注你最需要關(guān)注的單詞，提高效率不說(shuō)，你也會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)daily欄中的單詞最終全部挪到mont-ly欄中，并永遠(yuǎn)刻在你的腦海中，一輩子無(wú)法遺忘。）

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